Tips for Using a Tree as a Hedge Plant

Hedges provide privacy and beauty in  landscape  design. Many trees are well suited for hedges, but its important to consider the purpose of the hedge and the growing conditions of the site when selecting a  tree.  Different tree species will have different characteristics and site needs. Selecting Trees for Hedges Remember that you will have to dedicate much more space to a tree than to shrubs. Abide by the trees minimum spacing requirement, which can be found at your nursery. Deciduous trees in a hedge generally provide screening only during the spring/summer growing season. Evergreen trees, both broad and narrow-leaved types, are effective year-round hedges. Sometimes a flowering tree is desirable. Such trees may be pruned periodically but should be allowed to grow in their natural informal shape. Planting The planting space required will vary based on the type of tree and the purpose of the hedge. For the most part, you will have to dedicate more space to a tree than to shrubs.   Conifers used for tall screens require little trimming and should be spaced about six feet apart. Trees for informal or untrimmed hedges should be spaced farther apart than trimmed hedges. To assure a thicker hedge, place plants in a double row. Training and Care Trees do not take training and pruning as well as shrubs. Most trees cannot be rejuvenated by pruning back to ground level. Trees do not fill in as well when topped - and most should not be topped. Shrubs will grow to fill the hedge much quicker than trees. Since trees take longer to fill in space and are planted farther apart, the initial planting may look sparse and take several years to achieve their desired appearance. Be patient and give your tree the time it needs. Recommended Trees for Windbreaks and Privacy Hedges White Fir or Abies concolor  (grows to 65): This large, evergreen tree has a silver-green to blue color and is not as vigorous as other large evergreens.American Arborvitae or Thuja occidentalis (  grows to 30):  These trees are useful for windbreaks or screens. Do not use in hot dry situations.Amur Maple or Acer ginnala (grows to 20):  Dense and compact, this tree requires little pruning and is useful for large windbreaks and screens.Carolina Hemlock or Tsuga caroliniana (grows to 60):  This dense compact evergreen tree can be used for windbreaks or screens.Cornelian Cherry or Cornus mas (grows to 24):  This is a dense and compact tree that grows small yellow flowers in early April and red fruit in the summer.  American Beech or Fagus grandifolia (grows to 90):  Another dense compact tree that is useful for windbreaks or screens. It is usually expensive and may be difficult to transplant.  American Holly or llex opaca (grows to 45):  A thorny broad-leaved evergre en with colorful fruits, the tree may be winter injured in northern areas.Chinese Juniper or Juniperus chinensis ‘Keteleeri’ (grows to 20): This is a loose evergreen with light-medium green leaves and a pyramidal form.Canaerti Juniper or Juniperus virginiana ‘Canaertii’ (grows to 35):  This is an Eastern red cedar cultiva with dark green leaves and pyramidal form.Osage Orange or Maclura pomifera (grows to 40):  Use this dense and compact thorny habit only for tall hedges where other plants won’t survive. Its useful for windbreaks or screens.  Leyland cypress (grows to 50): This fast-growing, beautiful, and dense conifer can quickly outgrow its space and subject to major canker disease. Plant with caution.Norway Spruce (grows to 60): This dense compact narrow-leaved evergreen tree needs consistent shearing but is useful for windbreaks or screens.Eastern White Pine or Pinus strobus (grows to 80):  This is another dense compact evergreen that ne eds shearing but is useful for windbreaks or screens.Douglas fir or Pseudotsuga menziesii  (grows to 80):  Heres another dense compact evergreen tree excellent for windbreaks or screens. However, it can be difficult to grow in some locations.

The Globalization of Financial Markets - Pros and Cons Term Paper

Essays on The Globalization of Financial Markets - Pros and Cons Term Paper The paper â€Å"The Globalization of Financial Markets - Pros and Cons" is a spectacular example of a term paper on macro microeconomics. To understand the financial crisis that have become such a common occurrence in the past decades, it best to understand what caused these crises which started in Thailand, engulfed Malaysia, Indonesia, and South Korea, and then continued to influence Russia, Brazil, and Argentina, and some would say now seems to been influencing financial actions in Europe? The Asian crisis was the outcome of a typical asset bubble--over-leverage and a boom-bust approach by investors. For instance, in 1996 the whole bank debt in East Asia was around $2.8 trillion, or 130% of gross domestic product; nearly double that from a decade before. By 1996, power for the median firm had arrived at 620% in South Korea, 340% in Thailand, and averaged 150% to 200% crossways other East Asian countries (Mcinish, 2000, 92-112, 326). This chaos was financed with wealth inflows fr om new countries, which rapidly flowed away at the start of 1997.In order to avoid a financial crisis, it is first critical to understand the ones that have occurred in the past. Forces should be in a place that would diminish the likelihood of such crises and diminish their crash when they do take place (Valdez, 2000, 62). Well-built financial systems perform as stabilizers when the domestic economy is worn out. But weak systems turn out to be magnifiers, making a terrible situation worse.AIM OF THE PAPERIn this paper, I shall provide a critical overview and reflection on the financial crisis. It is a known fact that financial crises have become more frequent in the last three decades as they were before the 1970s. In order to examine the reasons behind it, I will first look into the definition of the financial crisis and its categories along with its causes and preventive measures. After that, I will look into the details of the phenomenon of financial liberalization that, accordi ng to most analysts, is the root cause of the frequent financial crisis. I will look into why it causes the crisis.FINANCIAL CRISISA financial crisis occurs when the demand for money increases sharply as compared to the money supply. The financial crisis can take many forms which includeBanking crisisCurrency crisisCredit crunchExternal debt crisis (Markus, 2005, 77-81, 110-5)A financial crisis occurs when investors lose their confidence in the assets of that country and decide to stop or withdraw their money from that country. The best approach is to first examine briefly some forms of the financial crisis and their causes.CURRENCY CRISIS:Currency crisis occurs when the value of the currency is very unstable and people find it to be less reliable to serve as a medium of exchange. This type of crisis usually hits severely small open economies; large economies tend to handle this instability through their foreign reserves by decreasing the excessive demand for a currency in the marke t. (Ansoff, 1965, 62)THEORIES THAT EXPLAIN CAUSES OF SUCH CRISISThere are many models that explain the currency crisis phenomenon; we will look at some of them briefly:CANONICAL MODEL:The model starts with the premise that investors will hold an exhaustible resource if and only if they hope that its price would rise quickly enough to offer them a rate of return more than or equal to that on other assets. This is the fundamental logic for the famous Hotelling model of exhaustible resource pricing: the price of such a resource should rise overtime at the rate of interest, with the level of the price path determined by the requirement that the resource just be exhausted by the time the price has risen to the "stop point" at which there is no more demand. (Mcinish, 2000, 92-112, 26-8)

Steps to Control Terrorism in India free essay sample

Terrorism has swallowed global law and order. Terrorist activities have knitted their web across the globe and act as a threat to the society and lives of billions of civilians. Terrorism in India is very deep rooted and complicated to realize. It exists in many forms ,starting from jehadi terror from inside or across the border to naxalism . Terrorism has been a social stigma of Indian society which has cut the very fabric of Indian society into pieces. With this ever increasing insecurity amongst civilians,the need of qualified people who can combat these terrorist activities is increasing. Today Indian government is training a number of anti-terrorism officers who primarily hold policy advisory and planning positions at places that are frequently threatened by terrorist invasions. These ATOs are trained vigorously to protect national security and have to take up operational counter-terrorism roles. Their training level and experience must be above military field training. We will write a custom essay sample on Steps to Control Terrorism in India or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Additionally those on senior level need to implement apt measures and must understand how to effectively manage and deal with such sensitive issues. Personnels in this field are required to have the knowledge needed for strategic security industry. Anti-terrorism studies require in-depth understanding of explosives ,weapons of mass destruction ,extremism and terrorist techniques to prevent their operations. This anti-terrorism education can help our country meet the challenging security problems. India has made important and historically unprecedent improvements in its internal security architecture,including the creation of a coastal command to secure 4,650 miles of shoreline,establishment of 20 counter terrorism schools and standing regional commando units,the creation of national agency to investigate suspected terrorist activity and stronger anti terrorism laws. But the country remains deeply vulnerable. Some important systematic barriers will put a limit to which India can improve its internal security arrangements,particularly the state police –the first line of defence in collecting the information from the public about suspicious activities and conducting investigations after an attack. Policing is a state subject in India and federal government has very limited ability in compelling the states to invest in their polices. Only Gujarat,Kerala and Manipur have showed any interest in central government’s no refund grant to states for modernizing their police force . India’s vibrant and growing private sector attracts high quality youth with pay,status and other amenities that government service cannot offer ,at present . Its no wonder the Indian bureaucracy no longer has the allure of prestige and status that it once had. India’s ability to expand the number,size and geographical distribution of police ,intelligence and other internal security organizations may therefore be hampered by recruitment shortfalls. Another alarming barrier to more significant reform is corruption and patronage politics. bad politics inside our country should be curbed, who support terrorists for their evil deeds. Hence only eligible and literate candidates should get elected, which is the duty of each responsible citizen of India. Some other important pecautions that should be taken are as follows- Proper passport authentication All the house owners who have given their houses for rent should give the details of those who are living there to the neares t police station, which should be updated properly by the Police Department. This is because terrorists can attack only after their proper planning for which they need to live in the nearest place of attack. citizenship to the foreigners should be given only after their proper authentication. India’s domestic intelligence agencies need to be restructured at the state and federal levels. Its nascent investigative agencies need to be better resourced and strengthened and a host of other critical measures are needed to intercept terrorists at the planning stage, and identify and prosecute the perpetrators. a centralized agency whose head is only accountable to President must be established. There must be increased coordination among various agencies like RAW,IB,CBI,CID etc. India must have fast-track courts for trying terrorists. No terrorist related case should be allowed to gather dust of time . Above all awareness among people is of utmost importance to counter terrorist attacks. We must see that our youths should not be available to terrorist and rioters and they should be given proper education and training so that they become responsible citizens of India. Let’s stand united and save our country’s peace and beauty.